Distributed Port Scanning Detection

Conventional Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) have heavyweight processing and memory requirements as they maintain per flow state using data structures like linked lists or trees. This is required for some specialized jobs such as Stateful Packet Inspection (SPI) where the network communications between entities are recreated in its entirety to inspect application level data. The downside to this approach is that the NIDS must be in a position to view all inbound and outbound traffic of the protected network. The NIDS can be overwhelmed by a DDoS attack since most of these try and exhaust the available state of network entities. For some applications like port scan detection, we do not require to reconstruct the complete network tra�c. We propose to integrate a detector into all routers so that a more distributed detection approach can be achieved. Since routers are devices with limited memory and processing capabilities, conventional NIDS approaches do not work while integrating a detector in them. We describe a method to detect port scans using aggregation. A data structure called a Partial Completion Filter(PCF) or a counting Bloom filter is used to reduce the per flow state

Comparison of CSMA based MAC protocols of wireless sensor networks

Energy conservation has been an important area of interest in Wireless Sensor networks (WSNs). Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols play an important role in energy conservation. In this paper, we describe CSMA based MAC protocols for WSN and analyze the simulation results of these protocols. We implemented S-MAC, T-MAC, B-MAC, B-MAC+, X-MAC, DMAC and Wise-MAC in TOSSIM, a simulator which unlike other simulators simulates the same code running on real hardware. Previous surveys mainly focused on the classification of MAC protocols according to the techniques being used or problem dealt with and presented a theoretical evaluation of protocols. This paper presents the comparative study of CSMA based protocols for WSNs, showing which MAC protocol is suitable in a particular environment and supports the arguments with the simulation results. The comparative study can be used to find the best suited MAC protocol for wireless sensor networks in different environments.Comment: International Journal of AdHoc Network Systems, Volume 2, Number 2, April 201

Study on Elliptic Partial Differential Equations

The thesis entitled with Study on Elliptic Partial Differential Equations is a serious and a keen study towards the ambit of most influential and practical scenario of Mathematics i.e. Partial Differential Equations. Before in-sighting towards PDE, this thesis includes two chapters dedicated to partial differential equations. Chapter 1 discusses the classification of partial differential equations providing its detailed classification and definitions (see 1.1.1) and also, insight classification of partial differential equations is also included in B. Chapter 1 is an introductory step towards chapter 2 which provides the basic knowledge of symbols and notations that are immensely used in chapter 2. Chapter 1 keeps its concerns with Quasi-Linear Partial Differential Equations and Semi-Linear Partial Differential Equations. Chapter 2 has a serious agenda of this thesis. Moving further in chapter 2, the governing definition of elliptic partial differential equations is provided (see 2.1.1) which is all the way important in the course of thesis. The section 2.1 provides the outline of all those aspects which have to analysed in section 2.2 which is, thus very important. Chapter 2 begins with the Reisz- Representation Theorem. This theorem establishes an important connection between a Hilbert space and its (continuous) dual space. Moving on, this thesis presents the Bilinear Forms in Elliptic Partial Differential Equations. The second last topic is Poinc˜re Inequality which helps in estimating the norm of a function in terms of a norm of its derivative. The Lax-Milgram Theorem incorporates as more general form of Reisz-Representation Theorem, as it applies to bilinear forms that are not necessarily symmetric

Formation of double ring patterns on Co2MnSi Heusler alloy thin film by anodic oxidation under scanning probe microscope

Double ring formation on Co2MnSi (CMS) films is observed at electrical breakdown voltage during local anodic oxidation (LAO) using atomic force microscope (AFM). Corona effect and segregation of cobalt in the vicinity of the rings is studied using magnetic force microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Double ring forma-tion is attributed to the interaction of ablated material with the induced magnetic field during LAO. Steepness of forward bias transport characteristics from the unperturbed region of the CMS film suggest a non equilibrium spin contribution. Such mesoscopic textures in magnetic films by AFM tip can be potentially used for memory storage applications.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Strategic Thinking: Theory & Practice

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to test a potential means of measuring strategic thinking ability (Cognitive Process Profiling) in individuals through a multi-method approach. First, we identify what strategic thinking is in theory by analysing the current literature and then identify the most prominent competencies that enable individuals to think strategically. Following this literature review, we have used Cognitive Process Profiling (CPP) in practice to determine if we are able to measure and isolate this ability. Finally, we seek to establish whether a correlation exists between the strategic thinking abilities of individuals and their work experience and educational background. Our findings may prove valuable to any organisation who intend to hire, or are looking to develop their employees, as well as for individuals who wish to assess their own strategic thinking capability. Research Questions: Q:1 What is Strategic thinking? Q:2 Does CPP measure the strategic thinking ability of an individual? Can we isolate this ability through the use of CPP and implementing our knowledge of the core competencies of strategic thinking? Q:3 Does work experience and educational background have any influence on the ability to think strategically? Methodology: Our research is based on a deductive approach. Findings were generated through the compilation of research on what concepts are indicative of strategic thinking, and then through drawing correlations between data which was generated via the CPP assessment, background questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The research design is in the form of a multi-method quantitative study since the data was gathered through multiple quantitative means. Structured interviews and questionnaires were analysed according to a scale to allow objective comparison with the CPP assessment itself. Findings: Strategic thinking research is characterised by a multidisciplinary, multidimensional approach that we validated into 15 distinctive core concepts. We argue that strategic thinking is based upon an underlying process influenced by personality, value systems and environmental factors in any individual. Following this, we measured strategic thinking ability of individuals via CPP assessment and our own developed self-assessment tools (background and in-depth questionnaire). The results demonstrated that the CPP assessment do measures and isolates key cognitive elements of strategic thinking ability in individuals, however, in a more profound way for individuals from a managerial or executive background than students. This led us to consider the merit of an organisational context in our measurement process, whilst maintaining an objective outlook due to the limited number of managers/executives involved in our study. Additionally, this study has cast doubt on the importance of work experience and educational background (engineering/non-engineering), as we did not find any conclusive evidence of their link with the strategic thinking. Limitations: This study was conducted under stringent time limitations meaning we had to be specific not only with the number of participants (40 in its present format) but also the scope of the research. Ideally, our research would have involved a higher number of participants to allow for further analysis and to consider CPP results across additional variances (e.g. specific years of experience, specific degree subjects or specific professions compared and contrasted with one another). In addition, since we also used self-assessment methods (survey and interview), we were reliant on each participant’s ability to assess themselves, which at times may be subjective and variable. Lastly, once the CPP assessment is taken by an individual, they are not allowed to take it again. Practical Implications: This study sheds light on what strategic thinking is and what the core concepts of strategic thinking are through analysis of the current literature. Our research has identified potential areas of expansion for measuring and isolating strategic thinking ability in individuals, and through experimentation, has identified areas that may not contribute to this understanding. Our research provides value to organisations who want to hire, or are looking to develop their employees, as well for those who wish to develop their understanding of strategic thinking and individuals who wish to assess their own strategic thinking ability

Analysis of Topic Modeling on Phrase-Based SMT system for English-Hindi Translation

After availability of cheaper large memory and high performance processors, Statistical Machine Translation (SMT) methods have drawn attention of researchers NLP. Phrase-based SMT has shown better results than word-based SMT. To improve performance of machine translation system further, different systems have been developed which use phrase-based SMT as a baseline system. Domain adaptation is one of most popular example of such systems. In this paper also phrase-based SMT system is used as baseline to apply topic model for English-Hindi translation. This baseline system is also used for result comparison with topic model system. Both systems are trained using MERT. The analysis shows improvement in results obtained by using topic modeling system

Non-Deterministic and Polynomial Time Problem Simulator

The Non-Deterministic and Polynomial Time Problem is a problem in combinatorial op-timization. Finding the quickest route for an object to travel through a list of cities and return to the starting city is the goal of this problem. Cities are listed, along with the dis-tance between each pair. It belongs to the category of computer problems known as NP-complete problems, for which no effective algorithmic solution has yet been discov-ered; at this time, there is no polynomial solution. In order to discover a near-optimal solution as quickly as possible, we attempted to tackle this extremely challenging prob-lem in this study utilizing a variety of heuristics, including Simulated Annealing and Ge-netic Algorithm. Using these sophisticated heuristic techniques, we at-tempt to depart from the local optimum

Mediating Effects in the Relationship between 360-Degree Feedback and Employee Performance

360-degree feedback has been linked to several positive outcomes like improved performance, better interpersonal communication, smoother work relationships, etc. The paper empirically examines the mediating effects in the relationship between 360-degree feedback and employee performance with a sample of executives (N=198) working in four organisations in Western India. The results show that interpersonal communication and quality of working life have a complete mediating effect. Leader member exchange quality and perceived organisational support were found to have a partial but significant mediating effect. An elementary form of an integrated model, which includes all the four mediating variables and their inter-relationships, has been developed conceptually. This model is examined and built up empirically using structural equation modelling.

Effective Test Pattern Generation using LFSR for Memory Testing

Volume 2 Issue 3 (March 2014